Which one is true for internal energy ?
Correct answer: D. All are correct
- A. It is sum of all forms of energies associated with molecules of a system
- B. It is a state function of a system
- C. It is proportional to transnational K.E of the molecules
- D. All are correct
Explanation
Internal energy is the total microscopic energy of a system, including molecular kinetic and potential energies, and it is a state function because it depends only on the state, not the path taken. For an ideal gas, it is related to the molecules' average translational kinetic energy, so all the listed statements are accepted in this context. The likely alternative is a, chosen by overlooking the separate facts that internal energy is also a state function and temperature-related molecular kinetic energy.
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About First Law of Thermodynamics
The first law relates heat supplied, work done and the change in internal energy through energy conservation. Problems use sign conventions and apply the law to isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric and isochoric processes. Internal energy is a state function, while heat and work depend on the path followed.
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