Which of the following was not identified as one of the four conditions that must be met before a researcher can say that an independent variable or variables caused the change in the dependent variable ?
Correct answer: A. internal consistency
- A. internal consistency
- B. correlation
- C. theory
- D. time order
- E. elimination of spuriousness
Explanation
Causal claims require correlation, correct time order, and elimination of spurious explanations; a theory is also commonly used to support the causal interpretation. Internal consistency is not one of these causal conditions.
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