Which of the following statements is wrong?
Correct answer: C. buffer capacity of a buffer solution is maximum when the ratio of salt/acid or base is 1
- A. for an acid buffer solution the pH can be increased by increasing the concentration of salt
- B. for a basic buffer solution the pH can be increased by decreasing the concentration of base
- C. buffer capacity of a buffer solution is maximum when the ratio of salt/acid or base is 1
- D. The number of moles of acid or base required by one litre of buffer solution to alter its pH by one unit is called buffer efficiency
Explanation
In an ideal buffer solution, the maximum buffer capacity is achieved when the concentrations of the weak acid (HA) and its conjugate base (A-) are equal. This equal concentration ensures that the buffer components can effectively neutralize added acid or base without causing significant changes in pH. When the ratio of salt/acid or base is 1, any added acid or base is readily consumed by the equal concentration of the conjugate base or acid, respectively. This balanced ratio allows the buffer system to maintain a relatively stable pH over a wide range of acid or base additions.
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About Chemical Equilibrium
Reversible reactions reach dynamic equilibrium when forward and reverse rates become equal, and Le Chatelier's principle predicts the effect of changing concentration, pressure or temperature. The chapter also covers solubility product, the common ion effect, buffer action and the conditions used in Haber's process, with equilibrium shifts distinguished from changes in the equilibrium constant.
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