Which of the following molecules have zero Dipole Moment?

Explanation

Dipole moments occur when there is a separation of charge. They can occur between two ions in an ionic bond or between atoms in a covalent bond; dipole moments arise from differences in electronegativity. The larger the difference in electronegativity, the larger the dipole moment. The dipole moment is a measure of the polarity of the molecule. -CCl4 molecule has zero dipole moment although the C-Cl bonds are polar. This is because the shape of the molecule is tetrahedral and this makes it very symmetrical and the four polar bonds cancel out each other so they have zero Dipole moment. -CO2 has the structure as O=C=O in which there is a bond Dipole moment (C-O bond). But, as the dipole moment of one bond is canceled by another, the structure of CO2 is linear. So, CO2 has zero Dipole moment because it is a linear molecule. -In the case of Cl2, the 2 atoms are identical, so no polarization of the bond is possible, and the Dipole moment is zero. -Benzene has zero Dipole moment. The benzene molecule has a symmetrical planar structure. The structure of benzene is as follows: Carbon and hydrogen in benzene molecules have distinct electronegativities. It has six C - H bonds whose Dipole moments cancel out one another, resulting in zero net Dipole moment.