Which of the following is not associated with smoking during pregnancy?
Correct answer: D. visual defects
- A. mental retardation
- B. lower birth weight
- C. miscarriage
- D. visual defects
Explanation
Prenatal smoking is linked with miscarriage, reduced birth weight, and later cognitive or developmental problems, whereas visual defects are not a standard established consequence in this list. The older term “mental retardation” refers to intellectual-developmental impairment.
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