Which of the following is a non-typical transition element?

Explanation

Option A: Manganese is a typical transition element. It is a hard, gray white metal and has multiple oxidation states, including +2, +4, and +7. It is commonly used in the production of steel and other alloys. Option B: Zinc (Zn) is a non-typical transition element. Transition elements are characterized by their ability to form stable ions with incomplete d-subshells. However, zinc does not exhibit this characteristic. It has a completely filled d-subshell (d10 configuration) in its most stable oxidation state, which is +2. Therefore, zinc is not considered a typical transition element. Option C: Copper is a typical transition element. It is a reddish-brown metal and exhibits various oxidation states, including +1 and +2. Copper is widely used in electrical wiring, plumbing, and as a component in various alloys due to its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity.Option D: Silver is a typical transition element. It is a lustrous white metal and primarily exhibits a +1 oxidation state. Silver is known for its high thermal and electrical conductivity, as well as its use in jewelry, silverware, and photography.