Which of the following is a molecular ion?
Correct answer: C. NH₃ ⁺
- A. NH₄ ⁺
- B. H₃O⁺
- C. NH₃ ⁺
- D. SO₄ ²⁻
Explanation
A molecular ion is a charged species formed when a neutral molecule loses or gains an electron without breaking apart. In this case, NH₃⁺ is formed when an ammonia (NH₃) molecule loses one electron, making it a true molecular ion. Other ions, such as NH₄⁺ or H₃O⁺, are formed by protonation (adding H⁺), not by electron loss, and SO₄²⁻ is an anion formed by gaining electrons or losing protons. Therefore, they are not molecular ions.
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Mole calculations connect mass, number of particles and Avogadro's number, while balanced equations provide the mole ratios used in stoichiometry. Questions cover limiting and excess reactants, theoretical yield and percentage yield, including identifying which reactant is consumed first and comparing the actual product with the maximum possible product.
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