Which form of matter possesses a higher magnitude of internal energy?
Correct answer: A. Gaseous matter
- A. Gaseous matter
- B. Solid matter
- C. Liquid matter
- D. all have the same magnitude
Explanation
Internal energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energies associated with the random motion of atoms in a substance, and consequently, it depends on temperature and the state of matter. As can be seen from the image, it can be deduced that Temperature effects the kinetic energy of atoms, while change of state effects their potential energy. Hence, as substance changes from Solid to liquid and from liquid to gas, its particles move apart, potential energy increases, and internal energy increases.
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About Internal Energy
Internal energy is the total microscopic kinetic and potential energy of a system and is a state function. The first law, ΔU = q + w, connects changes in internal energy with heat and work, including sign conventions, expansion or compression and constant-volume processes.
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