When the reverse bias of a p-n junction diode is increased, a stage comes when an electric field setup is sufficient to rupture covalent bonds and release a large number of holes and electrons. This breakdown phenomenon is known as:
Correct answer: B. Zener breakdown
- A. Avalanche breakdown
- B. Zener breakdown
- C. Early effect
- D. High - field emission
Explanation
In reverse bias, if voltage is increased, due to available energy, a covalent bond breaks, and a large number of electrons are released. This causes a sudden increase in current. This is called the Zener effect. If reverse bias is increased further after the Zener effect, minority charge carriers attain high velocity and break down the bound electrons from covalent bonds, and the current increases. This is known as the Avalanche effect. The question asks about the release of electrons due to an electric field which is the Zener effect.
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About Electronics
A p-n junction forms when p-type and n-type semiconductor regions meet, creating a depletion layer, barrier potential and rectifying action. The work covers forward and reverse bias, junction current, diode characteristics, and how a diode converts alternating current into pulsating direct current through half-wave and full-wave rectification.
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