When phenol is heated with concentrated nitric acid the product is________________?
Correct answer: A. Picric acid
- A. Picric acid
- B. o-nitrophenol
- C. 1 3 5 -trinitro benzene
- D. p-nitrophenol
Explanation
Concentrated nitric acid introduces three nitro groups into phenol, producing 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, commonly called picric acid. Students may choose 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene because they focus on three nitro substitutions but overlook that the hydroxyl group remains attached to the ring.
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About Phenols
Phenols contain a hydroxyl group directly bonded to an aromatic ring, making them more acidic than alcohols because the phenoxide ion is resonance-stabilised. Reactions include ionisation with bases, electrophilic substitution, bromination, nitration and oxidation, with attention to the difference between phenols and aliphatic alcohols.
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