When oxygen is not available to a muscle cell, NADH formed during glycolysis does not pass electrons to the electron transport system. Instead, it passes hydrogen atoms to:
Correct answer: D. Pyruvic acid
- A. Acetyl-coenzyme A
- B. Fructose
- C. ADP
- D. Pyruvic acid
Explanation
In the absence of oxygen (anaerobic conditions), pyruvic acid accepts hydrogen atoms from NADH, forming lactic acid in a process called lactic acid fermentation. This allows glycolysis to continue, generating a small amount of ATP in the absence of oxygen.
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About Bioenergetics
Cellular respiration explains how cells release energy from glucose through glycolysis, the link reaction, Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. It includes ATP production, substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation, aerobic versus anaerobic respiration, and the roles of mitochondria, oxygen and fermentation in energy transfer.
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