When a transistor is used in a circuit, normally:
Correct answer: A. The emitter-base junction is forward biased and the collector-base junction is reverse biased
- A. The emitter-base junction is forward biased and the collector-base junction is reverse biased
- B. The emitter-base junction is reverse biased and the collector-base junction is forward biased
- C. Both the junctions are reverse biased
- D. Both the junctions are forward biased
Explanation
The correct option is:The emitter-base junction is forward biased, and the collector-base junction is reverse biased.In a common transistor configuration (NPN or PNP), for proper operation:- The emitter-base junction in an NPN transistor is forward biased, meaning the emitter terminal is more positive than the base terminal.- Simultaneously, the collector-base junction is reverse biased, meaning the collector terminal is more positive than the base terminal.This biasing arrangement establishes the proper conditions for the transistor to function as an amplifier or a switch in an electronic circuit. The forward biasing of the emitter-base junction allows for the injection of majority carriers (electrons in an NPN transistor) into the base, enabling current flow from emitter to collector, while the reverse-biased collector-base junction ensures minimal collector current when no base current is present, providing the desired amplification or switching functionality.
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A p-n junction forms when p-type and n-type semiconductor regions meet, creating a depletion layer, barrier potential and rectifying action. The work covers forward and reverse bias, junction current, diode characteristics, and how a diode converts alternating current into pulsating direct current through half-wave and full-wave rectification.
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