What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures?
Correct answer: D. Homologous structures result from a common ancestor, analogous structures come from convergent evolution
- A. Homologous structures result from a common ancestor; analogous structures result from repetitive usage by the individual
- B. Homologous structures result from covergent evolution, analogous structures result from common ancestors
- C. Both Options A and B are correct
- D. Homologous structures result from a common ancestor, analogous structures come from convergent evolution
Explanation
The correct answer is Homologous structures result from a common ancestor, analogous structures come from convergent evolution. Homologous structures are structures that have the same basic anatomical structure, even if they have different functions. They are the result of shared ancestry. For example, the wings of birds and bats are homologous structures, even though they are used for different purposes. Both birds and bats evolved from a common ancestor that had forelimbs. Analogous structures are structures that have similar functions, but they do not have the same basic anatomical structure. They are the result of convergent evolution. For example, the wings of birds and insects are analogous structures. They are both used for flying, but they evolved independently from each other.
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Evolution describes heritable change in populations over generations through variation, natural selection and adaptation. Lamarckism explains inheritance of acquired characteristics, while Darwinism explains selection of favourable inherited variations; these historical explanations must not be confused with the modern genetic account of evolutionary change.
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