What is a vestigial trait?
Correct answer: D. A structure that has lost its original function but is still present
- A. A trait that enhances an organism's adaptive success in its environment
- B. A structure inherited from a common ancestor that has adapted to serve different functions
- C. A modification in an organism's genetic material
- D. A structure that has lost its original function but is still present
Explanation
Option D is correct because a vestigial trait is a remnant of a structure that was functional in a species' ancestors but has since lost its primary function. This occurs due to evolutionary changes when the structure is no longer necessary for survival. For instance, the human appendix is a vestigial structure. Option A is incorrect because it describes an adaptive trait, not a vestigial one. Option B is incorrect because it defines homologous structures, which are anatomically similar structures with different functions. Option C is incorrect because it refers to genetic changes, not the presence of non-functional anatomical structures.
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About Evolution
Evolution describes heritable change in populations over generations through variation, natural selection and adaptation. Lamarckism explains inheritance of acquired characteristics, while Darwinism explains selection of favourable inherited variations; these historical explanations must not be confused with the modern genetic account of evolutionary change.
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