What enzyme is found in the thylakoid membrane that facilitates chemiosmosis?
Correct answer: C. ATP synthase
- A. ATP ligase
- B. ATP kinase
- C. ATP synthase
- D. ATP dehydrogenase
Explanation
ATP synthase is the enzyme that makes ATP by chemiosmosis. It allows protons to pass through the membrane and uses the free energy difference to phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate (ADP), making ATP.OPTION A: The ATP-dependent DNA ligases catalyze the joining of single-stranded breaks (nicks) in the phosphodiester backbone of double-stranded DNA in a three-step mechanism.OPTION B: Protein kinases catalyze the transfer of the gamma phosphate from nucleotide triphosphates (often ATP) to one or more amino acid residues in a protein substrate side chain, resulting in a conformational change affecting protein function.OPTION C: ATP synthase is a protein that catalyzes the formation of the energy storage molecule ATP using ADP and inorganic phosphate.OPTION D: Dehydrogenase is an enzyme belonging to the group of oxidoreductases that oxidizes a substrate by reducing an electron acceptor.
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Cellular respiration explains how cells release energy from glucose through glycolysis, the link reaction, Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. It includes ATP production, substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation, aerobic versus anaerobic respiration, and the roles of mitochondria, oxygen and fermentation in energy transfer.
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