Virus transmission is affected by:

Explanation

Chemical, physical, and biotic factors all directly influence virus transmission. Chemicals like disinfectants can inactivate viruses; physical conditions such as temperature, humidity, and radiation determine viral survival in the environment; and biotic factors such as vectors, immunity, and host density regulate how effectively viruses spread among living organisms. Therefore, these factors do significantly affect virus transmission, determining whether a virus persists, spreads quickly, or dies out in a given environment.