To be confident that a cause-and-effect relationship exists, it is necessary to:
Correct answer: C. perform a controlled experiment
- A. engage in naturalistic observation
- B. develop a positive correlation
- C. perform a controlled experiment
- D. test for a negative correlation
Explanation
A controlled experiment manipulates a suspected cause and controls other factors, allowing researchers to make a stronger cause-and-effect inference. Correlations show association but cannot by themselves establish causation.
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