The theory that explains the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplast on the basis of two separate mutually beneficial invasions of prokaryotic cells is called:
Correct answer: D. Endosymbiont hypothesis
- A. Catastrophism
- B. Recapitulation
- C. Membrane invagination hypothesis
- D. Endosymbiont hypothesis
Explanation
The endosymbiont hypothesis was first proposed by Lynn Margulis. According to this hypothesis, the aerobic bacteria developed into mitochondria, which are the sites of aerobic respiration and most energy conversion in eukaryotic cells. The possession of these mitochondria like endosymbionts brought the advantage of aerobic respiration to the host. Ingestion of prokaryotes that resembled present-day cyanobacteria could have led to the endosymbiotic development of chloroplasts in plants.
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About Evolution
Evolution describes heritable change in populations over generations through variation, natural selection and adaptation. Lamarckism explains inheritance of acquired characteristics, while Darwinism explains selection of favourable inherited variations; these historical explanations must not be confused with the modern genetic account of evolutionary change.
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