Moderate

The story of Clever Hans, the mathematical horse, illustrates the use of controlled observation to test series of:

Correct answer: A. hypotheses

  • A. hypotheses
  • B. theories
  • C. axioms
  • D. learning strategies

Explanation

Clever Hans appeared to perform mathematical calculations, but controlled observation revealed that he was responding to subtle cues from observers. Such testing evaluates hypotheses rather than proving an axiom or learning strategy.

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