The several arrangements of cocci are based on their:

Explanation

The arrangements of cocci are determined by how they divide and remain connected. These arrangements include diplococcus (pairs), streptococcus (chains), staphylococcus (clusters), tetrads (groups of four), and sarcina (groups of eight). Each arrangement results from specific types of division and how the cells remain connected post-division. Therefore, the correct answer is that the arrangements are based on all these factors: long chains (as in Streptococcus), types of division, and their spherical shape. Options A, B, and C each describe only part of the picture, while Option D correctly encompasses all aspects.