The seepage force exerted by flowing water on soil, per unit volume of soil, is equal to:
Correct answer: D. iγw
- A. i/γw
- B. iγsat
- C. γw/i
- D. iγw
Explanation
The seepage force per unit volume is the hydraulic gradient multiplied by the unit weight of water, expressed as iγw. The saturated unit weight describes the soil and water mixture, not the seepage force itself.
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About Soil Mechanics and Foundations
Soil mechanics examines index properties, phase relationships, classification, permeability, seepage, compaction, consolidation, shear strength and earth pressure. Foundations apply these principles to bearing capacity, settlement and shallow or deep foundation selection, with clear distinction between compaction, which expels air, and consolidation, which expels water over time.
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