The secondary structure of a protein, such as the alpha helix, is maintained by

Correct answer: C. hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl and amide groups of the backbone

  • A. peptide bonds between amino acids
  • B. ionic bonds between side chains only
  • C. hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl and amide groups of the backbone
  • D. disulphide bridges only

Explanation

Regular coiling or pleating arises because each carbonyl oxygen hydrogen bonds to an amide hydrogen further along the same chain, giving the alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet. Peptide bonds create the primary sequence, and side chain interactions such as disulphide bridges belong to the tertiary level. Heat breaks the weak hydrogen bonds and the structure unwinds, which is denaturation.

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About Classification of Proteins

Proteins are classified by composition as simple, conjugated and derived proteins, and by shape as fibrous or globular proteins. The topic relates these classes to examples such as albumin, keratin, collagen, haemoglobin and casein, while distinguishing structural proteins from proteins with transport, catalytic or regulatory roles.

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