The reaction of carboxylic acid with alcohols in presence of conc.H2SO4
Correct answer: A. esterification
- A. esterification
- B. neutralization
- C. Hydrolysis
- D. Saponification
Explanation
When a carboxylic acid and an alcohol react in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, they undergo a condensation reaction known as esterification. This process can be represented by the general equation:R-COOH + R'-OH → R-COOR' + H₂OHere, R and R' represent the alkyl groups of the carboxylic acid and alcohol, respectively. The concentrated sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst, facilitating the proton transfer needed for the reaction to proceed. As a result, the hydroxyl group (-OH) from the alcohol attacks the carbonyl group (-COOH) of the acid, forming an ester bond (-COO-). This bond links the alkyl groups from the acid and alcohol, creating a new ester molecule and water as a byproduct.
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About Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic acids are named and studied through the combined effects of the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups, their preparation, acidity and hydrogen bonding. Reactions include neutralisation, esterification, reduction and conversion into acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters and amides, with emphasis on how these derivatives interconvert.
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