The process of scattering of an X-ray photon by an electron is called:

Explanation

The process of scattering of an X-ray photon by an electron is called "Compton scattering" or "Compton effect." This phenomenon was discovered by American physicist Arthur H. Compton in 1923 and played a crucial role in confirming the particle-like nature of photons. In Compton scattering, an X-ray photon collides with an electron, resulting in a change in the wavelength and direction of the photon. This change is attributed to the photon transferring some of its energy and momentum to the electron. The scattered X-ray photon has a longer wavelength than the incident photon, and the angle of scattering depends on the energy and direction of the incident photons. Compton scattering is an important process in X-ray imaging and is used in various fields, including medicine and materials science, to study the properties of matter.