The penetrating power of X-rays depends on their______________?
Correct answer: B. frequency
- A. applied voltage
- B. frequency
- C. source
- D. all of the above
Explanation
The penetrating power of X-rays increases with photon energy, and photon energy is E = hf, so higher-frequency X-rays are more penetrating. The applied voltage controls the maximum electron energy and therefore the maximum X-ray frequency, but frequency directly describes the radiation's penetrating power. The likely mistake is choosing all of the above because voltage and the source can affect the beam, although the key property is frequency.
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About Photons and the Particle Model of Light
The particle model treats light as photons with energy E equals hf and momentum related to wavelength. Questions involve the photoelectric effect, work function, threshold frequency, stopping potential and photon energy, while distinguishing particle behaviour from the wave description of interference and diffraction.
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