The part of life cycle of malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax, that is passed in female Anopheles is

Explanation

Let's explain each option individually:a) Sexual cycle:This option is correct. In the life cycle of the malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax, the part that is passed in the female Anopheles mosquito is the sexual cycle. After an infected mosquito (female Anopheles) bites a human and injects sporozoites (the infective stage of the parasite) into the bloodstream, the sporozoites travel to the liver. In the liver, they infect liver cells and undergo asexual reproduction (preerythrocytic schizogony) to form thousands of merozoites. Some of these merozoites differentiate into male and female gametocytes.When a female Anopheles mosquito subsequently bites the infected human, it ingests the male and female gametocytes along with the blood meal. Inside the mosquito's midgut, the male and female gametocytes undergo sexual reproduction, producing male and female gametes (microgametes and macrogametes, respectively). These gametes then fuse to form zygotes, which develop into motile ookinetes that penetrate the mosquito's midgut wall.The ookinetes eventually develop into oocysts on the outer surface of the midgut. Within the oocysts, numerous sporozoites are formed through multiple rounds of division. These sporozoites are released from the oocysts and migrate to the mosquito's salivary glands. When the mosquito bites another human, it injects these sporozoites into the bloodstream, initiating the next stage of infection in the human host.b) Preerythrocytic schizogony:The preerythrocytic schizogony occurs in the liver cells of the human host. During this stage, the sporozoites undergo asexual multiplication in the liver, producing thousands of merozoites. This process precedes the sexual cycle that takes place in the female Anopheles mosquito.c) Exoerythrocytic schizogony:Exoerythrocytic schizogony is another term used to describe the preerythrocytic schizogony. It refers to the asexual reproduction of the malarial parasite in the liver cells before the infection of red blood cells.d) Posterythrocytic schizogony:Posterythrocytic schizogony is not part of the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax. After the sexual cycle in the female Anopheles mosquito, the sporozoites are injected into the human host's bloodstream, and they infect the red blood cells. The asexual replication of the parasite inside the red blood cells is known as erythrocytic schizogony, not posterythrocytic.In summary, the correct answer is a) Sexual cycle. The part of the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax that is passed in the female Anopheles mosquito involves the sexual cycle, where the male and female gametocytes undergo sexual reproduction, leading to the development of sporozoites that are subsequently transmitted to another human host through mosquito bites.