The Muslim scientist who wrote a number of books on Algebra, Astronomy and Arithmetic was:

Explanation

The Muslim scientist known for writing numerous books on Algebra, Astronomy, and Arithmetic was **Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi**. He made significant contributions in these fields and is particularly famous for his work on algebra, which led to the term "Algebra" itself, derived from his book "Kitab al-Jabr wal-Muqabala" (The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing). Al-Khwarizmi's works greatly influenced the development of mathematics and science in the Islamic Golden Age.