The minimum wavelength of X-rays can further be reduced by _______________?
Correct answer: D. Increasing the potential difference between the cathode and the target
- A. Reducing the pressure or cooling the target
- B. Increasing the temperature of the filament.
- C. Using a target element of higher atomic number
- D. Increasing the potential difference between the cathode and the target
Explanation
Since λ_min = hc/eV, increasing the potential difference V increases the electron energy and decreases the minimum X-ray wavelength. The likely wrong choice is using a target element of higher atomic number, which mainly changes characteristic X-ray energies and does not determine the cutoff wavelength.
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About Photons and the Particle Model of Light
The particle model treats light as photons with energy E equals hf and momentum related to wavelength. Questions involve the photoelectric effect, work function, threshold frequency, stopping potential and photon energy, while distinguishing particle behaviour from the wave description of interference and diffraction.
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