The given diagram shows a nephron of human kidney, highly hypertonic filtrates found in region
Correct answer: D. III and IV
- A. I and II
- B. I and III
- C. II and IV
- D. III and IV
Explanation
The correct answer is III and IV. Region III corresponds to the loop of Henle, particularly the bottom of the descending limb, where the filtrate becomes highly concentrated due to water reabsorption. Region IV is the collecting duct, where further water reabsorption can occur, especially in the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), making the filtrate highly hypertonic. Other regions, such as I and II, involve significant reabsorption but do not result in the filtrate being as concentrated.
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The kidney and urinary system remove nitrogenous wastes, regulate water and ion balance, and help maintain blood pH through filtration, selective reabsorption and secretion. Questions cover nephron structure, ultrafiltration, the loop of Henle, collecting ducts, urine formation and the roles of ADH and aldosterone, while distinguishing excretion from egestion.
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