The given circuit diagram consists of a source of alternating voltage (V), a capacitor (C) and a resistor (R).Which of the following vector diagrams CORRECTLY describes the phase relationshipbetween (IC) and (IR)?
Correct answer: B. Option B: The vector for IC leads the vector for IR by 90 degrees.
- A. Option A: The vectors for IC and IR are in phase.
- B. Option B: The vector for IC leads the vector for IR by 90 degrees.
- C. Option C: The vectors for IC and IR are out of phase by 180 degrees.
- D. Option D: The vectors for IC and IR are perpendicular.
Explanation
In an RC circuit, the current through the capacitor (IC) leads the current through the resistor (IR) by 90 degrees due to the capacitive reactance. This means that IC is ahead of IR on the vector diagram, making Option B correct.Option A is incorrect as it suggests IC and IR are in phase, which does not happen in an RC circuit. Option C incorrectly states that IC and IR are 180 degrees out of phase, which is not the case. Option D, while true that IC and IR are perpendicular, does not specify the leading relationship, making it less precise than Option B.
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About AC Through Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor
Alternating current through a resistor, capacitor and inductor involves phase relationships between voltage and current, reactance, impedance and energy transfer. A resistor keeps voltage and current in phase, while a capacitor and inductor produce opposite phase shifts, a distinction used in circuit diagrams and numerical calculations.
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