The factor(s) that could cause emphysema in humans is/areI. urban smogII. bacterial infectionIII. tobacco smoke
Correct answer: C. I and III
- A. I only
- B. II only
- C. I and III
- D. II and III
Explanation
The correct answer is I and III. Emphysema is primarily caused by long-term exposure to airborne irritants, including tobacco smoke and air pollution such as urban smog. Tobacco smoke is the leading cause, while urban smog can also contribute to lung damage over time. Bacterial infections affect the lungs but are not a cause of emphysema, hence option II is incorrect.
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About Effects of Smoking
Smoking exposes the respiratory system to nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide, damaging cilia, reducing oxygen transport and narrowing or inflaming airways. The topic covers dependence, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer and cardiovascular effects, while separating short-term physiological changes from long-term disease.
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