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The efficiency of the Carnot's Engine working between 150°C and 50°C is:

Correct answer: C. 23.6%

  • A. 22.3%
  • B. 20.0%
  • C. 23.6%
  • D. 30.6%
  • E. 33.6%

Explanation

The efficiency of a Carnot engine is calculated using the formula η% = (1 - T2/T1) × 100%, where T1 is the temperature of the hot reservoir and T2 is the temperature of the cold reservoir in Kelvin.Convert the given temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin: T1 = 150°C + 273 = 423 K and T2 = 50°C + 273 = 323 K.Substituting these values into the formula, η% = (1 - 323/423) × 100% = 23.6%.Options A, B, D, and E either apply the formula incorrectly or suggest efficiencies that are not supported by the calculated values.

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About First Law of Thermodynamics

The first law relates heat supplied, work done and the change in internal energy through energy conservation. Problems use sign conventions and apply the law to isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric and isochoric processes. Internal energy is a state function, while heat and work depend on the path followed.

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