The clearance between two tubes in a shell and tube heat exchanger is known as 'ligament', whose minimum value is _____________ the outside diameter of the tube, but in no case it should be less than 4.5 mm?
Correct answer: C. One fourth
- A. Equal to
- B. Half
- C. One fourth
- D. Three fourth
Explanation
The ligament is the clear distance between adjacent tubes, and standard exchanger practice takes its minimum as about one-fourth of the tube outside diameter, with an absolute lower limit of 4.5 mm. This prevents weak tube-sheet regions between holes.
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