The balloon shaped structures called tyloses
Correct answer: C. Are extensions of xylem parenchyma cells into vessels
- A. Originate in the lumen of vessels
- B. Characterise the sapwood
- C. Are extensions of xylem parenchyma cells into vessels
- D. Are linked to the ascent of sap through xylem vessels
Explanation
(c): Tyloses are balloonlike extensions of parenchyma cells that protrude into the lumen of a neighboring xylem vessel or tracheid through a pit in the cell wall. Tyloses form most commonly in older woody tissue, possibly in response to injury, they may eventually block the vessels and thus help prevent the spread of fungi and other pathogens within the plant. Tyloses may become filled with tannins, gums, pigments, etc., giving heartwood its dark color, and their walls can remain thin or become lignified.
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Support and movement covers the axial and appendicular skeleton, bone structure, joints and the arrangement of skeletal muscles. Muscle contraction is explained through actin, myosin, sliding filaments, calcium ions and ATP, while arthritis is distinguished as a disorder of joints rather than a normal part of movement.
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