The author of a famous treatise on the origin of the state characterized existence in the "state of nature" as________________?
Correct answer: C. "solitary poor nasty brutish and short"
- A. similar to an earthly paradise
- B. among "noble savages"
- C. "solitary poor nasty brutish and short"
- D. a pre-Christian utopia
Explanation
Thomas Hobbes described the state of nature as a condition of insecurity in which life was “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” The phrase rejects the idea that pre-state society was peaceful or utopian.
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Government revenue and expenditure are analysed through taxation, public borrowing, budgets, subsidies, transfers and public debt. The topic explains how fiscal policy affects resource allocation, income distribution, economic stability and growth, while distinguishing direct from indirect taxes, progressive from regressive taxation, and public goods from goods supplied by private markets.
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