Terminal voltage Vi of the battery is greater than emf of the battery when:
Correct answer: A. Battery is charging
- A. Battery is charging
- B. Battery is discharging
- C. Battery is connected with R
- D. Battery is connected with voltmeter
Explanation
When a battery is charging, it requires a higher external voltage to overcome its emf and internal resistance. This results in a terminal voltage (V) greater than the emf (E) of the battery, as described by the equation V = E + Ir. Option A is correct because it correctly identifies the condition under which the terminal voltage exceeds the emf. Options B, C, and D describe scenarios where the terminal voltage is either equal to or less than the emf due to the nature of discharging or when there is no current flow.
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About Current Electricity
Steady current relates charge flow to potential difference, resistance and resistivity, including how temperature changes a conductor's resistance. Sources with internal resistance have terminal voltage below their emf when delivering current, and maximum power output occurs under a specific load condition rather than at zero resistance.
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