Semi-conductors are mostly used in modern electronic devices and their conductivity can be increased by the process of doping. Which of the following is the n-type semiconductor in terms of doping?

Explanation

In terms of doping, an n-type semiconductor is created by introducing impurities into a pure semiconductor material that provides extra electrons (negative charge carriers). These impurities are typically elements from Group V of the periodic table, such as phosphorus (P) or arsenic (As), which have five valence electrons. When these impurities are added to a semiconductor material like silicon (Si), they create "donor" atoms.The extra valence electron of the donor atom becomes a mobile charge carrier, contributing to the conductivity of the semiconductor. The presence of these additional electrons allows for easier electron flow and increases the overall conductivity of the material.To summarize, an n-type semiconductor is created by adding impurities with extra electrons (donor impurities) to a pure semiconductor material, enhancing its conductivity.