Protection against intense light is provided by carotenoids to:
Correct answer: D. All of these
- A. Chlorophyll - a
- B. Human eyes
- C. Chlorophyll - b
- D. All of these
Explanation
Option D is correct because carotenoids are versatile pigments that provide protection against intense light across different systems. In plants, they absorb excess light energy to stabilize chlorophyll a and b, preventing free radical formation and ensuring optimal photosynthesis. In humans, carotenoids like lutein and zeaxanthin filter out harmful UV light, protecting the eyes. While options A, B, and C are individually correct, only option D reflects the full range of carotenoid protection.
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Cellular respiration explains how cells release energy from glucose through glycolysis, the link reaction, Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. It includes ATP production, substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation, aerobic versus anaerobic respiration, and the roles of mitochondria, oxygen and fermentation in energy transfer.
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Some carotenoids protect chlorophyll from intense light by:
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