Piping failure in an earth structure is most directly associated with:
Correct answer: B. excessive exit hydraulic gradient
- A. low dry density after compaction
- B. excessive exit hydraulic gradient
- C. high plasticity of clay
- D. large angle of internal friction
Explanation
Piping occurs when seepage forces remove soil particles, usually near the downstream exit where the hydraulic gradient is high. Poor compaction or plasticity may affect performance but is not the immediate mechanism.
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About Soil Mechanics and Foundations
Soil mechanics examines index properties, phase relationships, classification, permeability, seepage, compaction, consolidation, shear strength and earth pressure. Foundations apply these principles to bearing capacity, settlement and shallow or deep foundation selection, with clear distinction between compaction, which expels air, and consolidation, which expels water over time.
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