Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of calcium & magnesium __________________?

Correct answer: B. Sulphates & chlorides

  • A. Bi-carbonates
  • B. Sulphates & chlorides
  • C. Carbonate
  • D. None of these

Explanation

Permanent hardness remains after boiling and is caused mainly by soluble calcium and magnesium sulphates and chlorides. Bicarbonates cause temporary hardness because heating can precipitate them as carbonates.

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