Organs specialized to perform different functions but structurally alike are:
Correct answer: B. Homologous organs
- A. Analogous organs
- B. Homologous organs
- C. Autologous organs
- D. Anuclogous organs
Explanation
Organs that have the same internal structure but perform different functions are called homologous organs.Homologous organs result from divergent evolution, where a common ancestral structure evolves to perform different functions in different species, adapting to new environments. This occurs because populations become isolated and face different selective pressures, leading to diversification. A classic example is the forelimbs of vertebrates like humans, bats, whales, and cheetahs, which share a similar bone structure but are adapted for grasping, flying, swimming, and running, respectively. Analogous organs are the opposite of homologous organs, which have similar functions but different origins.
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Evolution describes heritable change in populations over generations through variation, natural selection and adaptation. Lamarckism explains inheritance of acquired characteristics, while Darwinism explains selection of favourable inherited variations; these historical explanations must not be confused with the modern genetic account of evolutionary change.
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