One difficulty with a purely attributional explanation of depression is that negative attributions:

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may be a consequence rather than a cause of depression. Negative attributions, such as blaming oneself and expecting bad outcomes, can deepen depression but may also result from already feeling depressed. This reverse-causality problem makes a purely attributional explanation incomplete.

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are more characteristics of men than of women

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are more clearly associated with mania than with depression

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have little effect on people's feelings of self-worth

One difficulty with a purely attributional explanation of depression is that negative attributions:

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