On which of the following factors Hydration Energy depend?
Correct answer: D. All of these
- A. Charge to size ratio
- B. Polarizability of anions
- C. Polarization power of Cations
- D. All of these
Explanation
Hydration energy is the amount of energy released or absorbed when ions in gaseous state are surrounded by water molecules to form hydrated ions in aqueous solutions. The ratio of the charge on an ion to its size is called charge to size ratio. Cations with higher charge to size ratios have stronger polarization effects and thus higher hydration energy. Thus, this option is true. Anions do not influence hydration energy a lot, however, they do accommodate external electric field, and affect hydration energy in turn. Hence, this option is also true. The ability of a cation to distort the electron cloud of nearby water molecules is called polarization power of the cation.the more the electron cloud is distorted, the stronger the electrostatic interactions between cations and water molecules. Hence, hydration energy will increase, and vice versa. So, this option is true. As all the options are true, D option will be marked as the correct option.
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About Thermochemistry and Energetics of Chemical Reactions
Thermochemistry measures energy changes in chemical reactions and distinguishes exothermic from endothermic processes. Work covers systems, surroundings and state functions, internal energy, the first law of thermodynamics, enthalpy and Hess's law, including the sign conventions used when heat enters or leaves a system.
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