On which of the following factors Hydration Energy depend?

Explanation

Hydration energy is the amount of energy released or absorbed when ions in gaseous state are surrounded by water molecules to form hydrated ions in aqueous solutions. The ratio of the charge on an ion to its size is called charge to size ratio. Cations with higher charge to size ratios have stronger polarization effects and thus higher hydration energy. Thus, this option is true. Anions do not influence hydration energy a lot, however, they do accommodate external electric field, and affect hydration energy in turn. Hence, this option is also true. The ability of a cation to distort the electron cloud of nearby water molecules is called polarization power of the cation.the more the electron cloud is distorted, the stronger the electrostatic interactions between cations and water molecules. Hence, hydration energy will increase, and vice versa. So, this option is true. As all the options are true, D option will be marked as the correct option.