London dispersion forces are the only forces present among?

Explanation

Option A: Atoms of helium in the gaseous state at high temperature: Helium (He) is a noble gas that exists as individual atoms in the gaseous state. Since helium is non-polar, the only intermolecular force acting between helium atoms is the London dispersion force. These forces arise due to temporary fluctuations in electron distribution and are the dominant intermolecular force for non-polar species.Option B: Molecules of water: Water (H2O) is a polar molecule. In addition to London dispersion forces, water molecules also exhibit hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding occurs due to the attraction between the positively charged hydrogen atom in one water molecule and the negatively charged oxygen atom in another water molecule. Hydrogen bonding is a stronger intermolecular force than London dispersion forces and is responsible for many of the unique properties of water.Option C: Molecules of solid iodine: Solid iodine (I2) consists of covalently bonded iodine molecules. In the solid state, iodine molecules are held together by intermolecular forces. These forces include London dispersion forces, which arise due to temporary fluctuations in electron distribution. Additionally, dipole-dipole interactions may also contribute to the intermolecular forces in solid iodine.Option D: Molecules of HCl gas: Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a polar molecule. In the gas phase, HCl molecules experience dipole-dipole interactions in addition to London dispersion forces. Dipole-dipole interactions arise due to the attraction between the partially positive hydrogen atom in one HCl molecule and the partially negative chlorine atom in another HCl molecule.