Kidneys perform their osmoregulatory role under the effect of Antidiuretic Hormone, which type of urine is produced in this situation?
Correct answer: C. Hypertonic urine with decreased volume
- A. Hypotonic urine with decreased volume
- B. Hypotonic urine with increased volume
- C. Hypertonic urine with decreased volume
- D. Hypertonic urine with increased volume
Explanation
ADH makes the distal tubule and collecting duct permeable to water, so water is reabsorbed into the salty medulla and a small volume of concentrated urine leaves. Concentrated means hypertonic, and reabsorbing water necessarily reduces the volume, so the two halves of the answer must move together. Hypotonic urine of large volume is what appears when ADH is absent, as in diabetes insipidus.
This question appeared on the UHS MDCAT 2025 paper, which you can sit online with every answer explained.
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About Kidney and Urinary System
The kidney and urinary system remove nitrogenous wastes, regulate water and ion balance, and help maintain blood pH through filtration, selective reabsorption and secretion. Questions cover nephron structure, ultrafiltration, the loop of Henle, collecting ducts, urine formation and the roles of ADH and aldosterone, while distinguishing excretion from egestion.
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