Internal energy of a system depends on all the factors EXCEPT:
Correct answer: D. Path
- A. Chemical nature of a substance
- B. Temperature
- C. Pressure and volume
- D. Path
Explanation
In thermodynamics, the internal energy of a system is a state function, which means it depends only on the initial and final states of the system, not on the specific path taken to reach those states. This is a fundamental principle in thermodynamics and is often referred to as the First Law of Thermodynamics. In other words, the change in internal energy (ΔU) between two states of a system is the same regardless of the process or pathway taken to go from one state to another. Internal energy depends on factors like temperature, pressure, and the number of particles in the system, but it does not depend on the specific steps or methods used to change those factors.
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About Thermochemistry and Energetics of Chemical Reactions
Thermochemistry measures energy changes in chemical reactions and distinguishes exothermic from endothermic processes. Work covers systems, surroundings and state functions, internal energy, the first law of thermodynamics, enthalpy and Hess's law, including the sign conventions used when heat enters or leaves a system.
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