In which of the following detectors, the size of the pulse is independent of the energy of the particle?

Explanation

D is the right option Here's why:G.M. counter (Geiger-Müller counter): In a G.M. counter, the applied voltage ensures all incoming particles, regardless of their energy, cause an avalanche of ionization events. This results in a fixed-size output pulse, independent of the initial energy of the particle.Solid-state detector: These detectors, like silicon detectors, typically use the principle of charge collection. The amount of charge collected is proportional to the energy deposited by the particle in the detector material. Therefore, the pulse size will increase with the energy of the incident particle.Wilson cloud chamber: This is a visual detector and doesn't produce electrical pulses. It allows the visualization of the particle's trajectory based on the condensation of water vapor along the ionization trail of the particle. While the length and density of the cloud track may correlate with the particle's energy, it doesn't provide a direct and quantitative measure of the energy through a pulse size.