In the nuclear reaction 11 Na24 12Mg24 + X, the particle X is;

Explanation

In the nuclear reaction 11Na24 → 12Mg24 + X, the atomic number increases by one, indicating a beta-minus decay. In this process, a neutron in the sodium nucleus is converted into a proton, resulting in the emission of an electron (beta particle) and an antineutrino. Thus, the particle X is an electron.The other options are incorrect because:A positron emission would decrease the atomic number, which contradicts the observed increase.A proton emission would change the atomic number, but not in a way that matches the given reaction.A neutron emission would affect the mass number but not lead to the increase in atomic number observed here.