In modern Haber Process Plants, the temperature maintained during the process is:
Correct answer: A. 670 - 770 K (400 °C - 500 °C)
- A. 670 - 770 K (400 °C - 500 °C)
- B. 270 - 370 K (0 °C - 100 °C)
- C. 370 - 470 K (100 °C - 200 °C)
- D. 570 - 600 K (300 °C - 380 °C)
Explanation
The Haber Process is an important industrial process that is used to produce ammonia (NH3) from nitrogen and hydrogen gases. It is carried out at high pressure and temperature in the presence of an iron catalyst. The optimal temperature range for the Haber process is between 400 °C to 500 °C, and the pressure used in modern plants is about 200 atmospheres. The temperature range used in the process is carefully chosen because it provides a good balance between the kinetics of the reaction and the thermodynamics of the reaction. At lower temperatures, the reaction is too slow, while at higher temperatures, the equilibrium of the reaction shifts towards the formation of nitrogen and hydrogen instead of ammonia, resulting in a lower yield of ammonia.
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About Chemical Equilibrium
Reversible reactions reach dynamic equilibrium when forward and reverse rates become equal, and Le Chatelier's principle predicts the effect of changing concentration, pressure or temperature. The chapter also covers solubility product, the common ion effect, buffer action and the conditions used in Haber's process, with equilibrium shifts distinguished from changes in the equilibrium constant.
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