In levelling, the difference between the first and last reduced levels in a run should equal which quantity?
Correct answer: C. The sum of rises minus the sum of falls
- A. The sum of all backsights
- B. The sum of all foresights
- C. The sum of rises minus the sum of falls
- D. The sum of rises plus the sum of falls
Explanation
The change in reduced level equals total rises minus total falls. This provides the arithmetic basis for checking a levelling calculation independently of the height of instrument method.
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Surveying covers measurement of distances, angles and elevations, traversing, levelling, contouring, plane table work, theodolites, total stations and basic photogrammetry. It includes error adjustment, coordinate calculations, area and volume determination, and the distinction between accuracy and precision, as well as between temporary and permanent adjustments.
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